Banking Regulations

Know Your Rights: RBI Fair Practices Code for Loan Recovery and Harassment Protection

By Settle Loan Expert Editorial Team•26 October 2026•7 min read
Senior Indian financial advisors discussing borrower legal rights

Regulatory Protection for Indian Borrowers

Financial distress is a civil and economic matter, not a criminal offence (unless deliberate fraud, cheque dishonour under Section 138 NI Act, or asset misappropriation is proven). The **Reserve Bank of India (RBI)** has established strict mandates regarding loan collection practices for all scheduled commercial banks, NBFCs, and their outsourced recovery agencies.

What Recovery Agents CANNOT Do:

- **No Harassment or Intimidation:** Agents cannot use verbal abuse, threats of physical force, or public humiliation. - **Restricted Calling Hours:** Recovery calls and in-person visits are strictly prohibited before **8:00 AM** and after **7:00 PM**. - **No Third-Party Contact:** Agents cannot contact your relatives, neighbours, friends, or office colleagues to disclose your financial default. - **Privacy and Decency:** Visiting a borrower’s workplace without prior permission or creating a nuisance at their residence is a punishable regulatory violation. - **Mandatory Identification:** Every recovery representative must carry official photo identification and authorization letters issued by the bank.

How to Address Harassment

1. Maintain call logs and audio recordings of non-compliant recovery communications. 2. Lodge a formal written complaint with the bank's **Principal Nodal Officer (PNO)**. 3. If unaddressed within 30 days, escalate the matter to the **RBI Integrated Ombudsman** under the Reserve Bank - Integrated Ombudsman Scheme (RB-IOS).

Editorial Note: This guide is published for educational and general information purposes under Indian banking conventions and does not constitute formal legal counsel. For specific legal advice, consult an advocate or banking professional.

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